/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef itkExhaustiveOptimizer_h
#define itkExhaustiveOptimizer_h

#include "itkIntTypes.h"
#include "itkSingleValuedNonLinearOptimizer.h"
#include "ITKOptimizersExport.h"

namespace itk
{
/** \class ExhaustiveOptimizer
 * \brief Optimizer that fully samples a grid on the parametric space.
 *
 * This optimizer is equivalent to an exhaustive search in a discrete grid
 * defined over the parametric space. The grid is centered on the initial
 * position. The subdivisions of the grid along each one of the dimensions
 * of the parametric space is defined by an array of number of steps.
 *
 * A typical use is to plot the metric space to get an idea of how noisy it
 * is. An example is given below, where it is desired to plot the metric
 * space with respect to translations along x, y and z in a 3D registration
 * application:
 *     Here it is assumed that the transform is TranslationTransform.
 *
   \code
    OptimizerType::StepsType steps( m_Transform->GetNumberOfParameters() );
    steps[0] = 10;
    steps[1] = 10;
    steps[2] = 10;
    m_Optimizer->SetNumberOfSteps( steps );
    m_Optimizer->SetStepLength( 2 );
   \endcode
 *
 * The optimizer throws IterationEvents after every iteration. We use this to plot
 * the metric space in an image as follows:
 *
   \code
    if( itk::IterationEvent().CheckEvent(& event ) )
    {
      IndexType index;
      index[0] = m_Optimizer->GetCurrentIndex()[0];
      index[1] = m_Optimizer->GetCurrentIndex()[1];
      index[2] = m_Optimizer->GetCurrentIndex()[2];
      image->SetPixel( index, m_Optimizer->GetCurrentValue() );
    }
   \endcode
 *
 * The image size is expected to be 11 x 11 x 11.
 *
 * If you wish to use different step lengths along each parametric axis,
 * you can use the SetScales() method. This accepts an array, each element
 * represents the number of subdivisions per step length. For instance scales
 * of [0.5 1 4] along with a step length of 2 will cause the optimizer
 * to search the metric space on a grid with x,y,z spacing of [1 2 8].
 *
 * The number of samples for each dimension of the parameter grid are
 * influenced by both the scales and the number of steps along each
 * dimension:
 *
 * parameter_samples[d] = stepLength*(2*numberOfSteps[d]+1)*scaling[d]
 *
 * start_parameter[d] = - stepLength * scaling[d] * numberOfSteps[d]
 *   end_parameter[d] = + stepLength * scaling[d] * numberOfSteps[d]
 *
 * \ingroup Numerics Optimizers
 * \ingroup ITKOptimizers
 *
 * \sphinx
 * \sphinxexample{Numerics/Optimizers/ExhaustiveOptimizer,Exhaustive Optimizer}
 * \endsphinx
 */
class ITKOptimizers_EXPORT ExhaustiveOptimizer : public SingleValuedNonLinearOptimizer
{
public:
  ITK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_MOVE(ExhaustiveOptimizer);

  /** Standard "Self" type alias. */
  using Self = ExhaustiveOptimizer;
  using Superclass = SingleValuedNonLinearOptimizer;
  using Pointer = SmartPointer<Self>;
  using ConstPointer = SmartPointer<const Self>;

  using StepsType = Array<SizeValueType>;
  /** Method for creation through the object factory. */
  itkNewMacro(Self);

  /** \see LightObject::GetNameOfClass() */
  itkOverrideGetNameOfClassMacro(ExhaustiveOptimizer);

  /** Start optimization. */
  void
  StartOptimization() override;

  void
  StartWalking();

  /** Resume optimization. */
  void
  ResumeWalking();

  /** Stop optimization. */
  void
  StopWalking();

  itkSetMacro(StepLength, double);
  itkSetMacro(NumberOfSteps, StepsType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(StepLength, double);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(NumberOfSteps, StepsType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(CurrentValue, MeasureType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(MaximumMetricValue, MeasureType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(MinimumMetricValue, MeasureType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(MinimumMetricValuePosition, ParametersType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(MaximumMetricValuePosition, ParametersType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(CurrentIndex, ParametersType);
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(MaximumNumberOfIterations, SizeValueType);

  /** Get the reason for termination */
  const std::string
  GetStopConditionDescription() const override;

protected:
  ExhaustiveOptimizer();
  ~ExhaustiveOptimizer() override = default;
  void
  PrintSelf(std::ostream & os, Indent indent) const override;

  /** Advance to the next grid position. */
  void
  AdvanceOneStep();

  void
  IncrementIndex(ParametersType & newPosition);

protected:
  MeasureType m_CurrentValue{ 0 };

  StepsType m_NumberOfSteps{};

  SizeValueType m_CurrentIteration{ 0 };

  bool m_Stop{ false };

  unsigned int m_CurrentParameter{ 0 };

  double m_StepLength{ 1.0 };

  ParametersType m_CurrentIndex{};

  SizeValueType m_MaximumNumberOfIterations{ 1 };

  MeasureType m_MaximumMetricValue{ itk::NumericTraits<MeasureType>::max() };

  MeasureType m_MinimumMetricValue{ itk::NumericTraits<MeasureType>::Zero };

  ParametersType m_MinimumMetricValuePosition{};

  ParametersType m_MaximumMetricValuePosition{};

private:
  std::ostringstream m_StopConditionDescription{};
};
} // end namespace itk

#endif