/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef itkClassifierBase_h
#define itkClassifierBase_h

#include "itkLightProcessObject.h"
#include "itkMembershipFunctionBase.h"
#include "itkDecisionRule.h"

#include <vector>

namespace itk
{
/**
 * \class ClassifierBase
 * \brief Base class for classifier objects.
 *
 * ClassifierBase is the base class for classifier objects. It provides
 * the basic function definitions that are inherent to classifier objects.
 *
 * This is the Superclass for the classifier framework. This is an
 * abstract class defining an interface for all the classification objects
 * available through the classifier framework in the ITK toolkit.
 *
 * The basic functionality of the classifier framework base class is to
 * classify each data point in given a data set to one of the N classes where
 * N is either specified by the user or automatically determined using methods
 * such as k-means clustering techniques.
 *
 * The classifier framework supports two types of data where
 * (1) The input is a series of data points that needs to be classified.
 * These points may be in the form of images where the pixels can be viewed
 * as a list and the spatial location of the pixels in not of a concern. This
 * classification can be carried out via the use of
 * SampleClassifier.
 *
 * (2)The input is specifically an image and the pixels cannot be viewed
 * as a list of pixels since the spatial location of the pixel in needed
 * for various algorithmic implementations (such as the Markov Random Field based
 * approached). This type of data can be classified via the use of
 * GeneralImageClassifierBase.
 *
 * The user will call the Update() function to run the classification process.
 *
 * The user must generate the membership function before asking for data to
 * be classified. One can automatically generate the membership function from
 * the training data via the use of itkImageModelEstimator class. The
 * membership functions have to be populated by using the AddMembershipFunction.
 * If membership functions are not set prior to calling for classification, an
 * exception in thrown.
 *
 * The user can have more than one membership function, and can have one
 * for each class. The order of the membership calculator becomes the class
 * label for the class that is represented by the membership calculator.
 *
 * The fourth argument is the type of decision rule. The main role of a
 * decision rule is comparing the return values of the membership
 * calculators. However, decision rules can include some prior knowledge
 * that can improve the result. To plug in the decision rule, use
 * SetDecisionRule method.
 *
 * Before the Update method is called to start the classification process,
 * plug in all necessary parts (one or more membership functions,
 * a decision rule, and the unclassified data).
 *
 * This class is templated over the container type.
 *
 * \ingroup ClassificationFilters
 * \ingroup ITKClassifiers
 */
template <typename TDataContainer>
class ITK_TEMPLATE_EXPORT ClassifierBase : public LightProcessObject
{
public:
  ITK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_MOVE(ClassifierBase);

  /** Standard class type aliases. */
  using Self = ClassifierBase;
  using Superclass = LightProcessObject;

  /** \see LightObject::GetNameOfClass() */
  itkOverrideGetNameOfClassMacro(ClassifierBase);

  /** Sets the number of classes. */
  itkSetMacro(NumberOfClasses, unsigned int);

  /** Gets the number of classes. */
  itkGetConstReferenceMacro(NumberOfClasses, unsigned int);

  /**Sets the decision rule */
  using MeasurementVectorType = typename TDataContainer::ValueType;

  /** Typedefs for membership function */
  using MembershipFunctionType = Statistics::MembershipFunctionBase<MeasurementVectorType>;
  using MembershipFunctionPointer = typename MembershipFunctionType::Pointer;

  using MembershipFunctionPointerVector = std::vector<MembershipFunctionPointer>;

  /** Type alias for decision rule */
  using DecisionRuleType = Statistics::DecisionRule;

  /** Sets the pointer to the decision rule.
   * Stores the decision rule that makes the real decision using
   * information from MembershipFunctions and other prior knowledge */
  void
  SetDecisionRule(DecisionRuleType * ptrToDecisionRule)
  {
    m_DecisionRule = ptrToDecisionRule;
  }

  /** Gets the pointer to the decision rule being used. */
  DecisionRuleType *
  GetDecisionRule()
  {
    return m_DecisionRule.GetPointer();
  }

  /** Gets the MembershipFunction that are plugged in by
   * the AddMembershipFunction method. The index is assigned according
   * to the order each membership function has been added using the
   * AddMemberShipFunction method */
  const MembershipFunctionType *
  GetMembershipFunction(unsigned int index) const
  {
    return m_MembershipFunctions[index].GetPointer();
  }

  /** Gets the number of membership functions */
  unsigned int
  GetNumberOfMembershipFunctions()
  {
    return static_cast<unsigned int>(m_MembershipFunctions.size());
  }

  /** Stores a membership function of a class in its internal vector */
  unsigned int
  AddMembershipFunction(MembershipFunctionType * function);

  /** Starts the classification process */
  void
  Update();

protected:
  ClassifierBase();
  ~ClassifierBase() override = default;
  void
  PrintSelf(std::ostream & os, Indent indent) const override;

  /** The real classification logic implementation. All the subclasses
   * of this class should implement this method. */
  void
  GenerateData() override = 0;

private:
  /** Number of classes */
  unsigned int m_NumberOfClasses{};

  /** Pointer to the decision rule to be used for classification. */
  typename DecisionRuleType::Pointer m_DecisionRule{};

  /** Container to hold the membership functions */
  MembershipFunctionPointerVector m_MembershipFunctions{};
}; // class Classifier
} // namespace itk

#ifndef ITK_MANUAL_INSTANTIATION
#  include "itkClassifierBase.hxx"
#endif

#endif