/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef itkMultiGradientOptimizerv4_hxx
#define itkMultiGradientOptimizerv4_hxx

#include "itkPrintHelper.h"


namespace itk
{

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template()

{
  this->m_NumberOfIterations = static_cast<SizeValueType>(0);
  this->m_StopCondition = StopConditionObjectToObjectOptimizerEnum::MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS;
  this->m_StopConditionDescription << this->GetNameOfClass() << ": ";

  this->m_MaximumMetricValue = NumericTraits<MeasureType>::max();
  this->m_MinimumMetricValue = this->m_MaximumMetricValue;
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
void
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::PrintSelf(std::ostream & os, Indent indent) const
{
  using namespace print_helper;

  Superclass::PrintSelf(os, indent);

  os << indent << "Stop: " << (m_Stop ? "On" : "Off") << std::endl;
  os << indent << "StopCondition: " << m_StopCondition << std::endl;
  os << indent << "StopConditionDescription: " << m_StopConditionDescription.str() << std::endl;
  os << indent << "OptimizersList: " << m_OptimizersList << std::endl;
  os << indent << "MetricValuesList: " << m_MetricValuesList << std::endl;
  os << indent
     << "MinimumMetricValue: " << static_cast<typename NumericTraits<MeasureType>::PrintType>(m_MinimumMetricValue)
     << std::endl;
  os << indent
     << "MaximumMetricValue: " << static_cast<typename NumericTraits<MeasureType>::PrintType>(m_MaximumMetricValue)
     << std::endl;
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
auto
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::GetOptimizersList() -> OptimizersListType &
{
  return this->m_OptimizersList;
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
void
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::SetOptimizersList(
  typename MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template::OptimizersListType & p)
{
  if (p != this->m_OptimizersList)
  {
    this->m_OptimizersList = p;
    this->Modified();
  }
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
auto
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::GetMetricValuesList() const
  -> const MetricValuesListType &
{
  return this->m_MetricValuesList;
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
auto
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::GetStopConditionDescription() const
  -> const StopConditionReturnStringType
{
  return this->m_StopConditionDescription.str();
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
void
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::StopOptimization()
{
  itkDebugMacro("StopOptimization called with a description - " << this->GetStopConditionDescription());
  this->m_Stop = true;

  // FIXME
  // this->m_Metric->SetParameters( this->m_OptimizersList[ this->m_BestParametersIndex ] );
  this->InvokeEvent(EndEvent());
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
void
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::StartOptimization(bool doOnlyInitialization)
{
  itkDebugMacro("StartOptimization");
  auto maxOpt = static_cast<SizeValueType>(this->m_OptimizersList.size());
  if (maxOpt == SizeValueType{})
  {
    itkExceptionMacro(" No optimizers are set.");
  }
  if (!this->m_Metric)
  {
    this->m_Metric = this->m_OptimizersList[0]->GetModifiableMetric();
  }
  this->m_MetricValuesList.clear();
  this->m_MinimumMetricValue = this->m_MaximumMetricValue;
  const ParametersType & testParamsAreTheSameObject = this->m_OptimizersList[0]->GetCurrentPosition();
  this->m_MetricValuesList.push_back(this->m_MaximumMetricValue);
  // Initialize the optimizer, but don't run it.
  this->m_OptimizersList[0]->StartOptimization(true /* doOnlyInitialization */);

  for (SizeValueType whichOptimizer = 1; whichOptimizer < maxOpt; ++whichOptimizer)
  {
    this->m_MetricValuesList.push_back(this->m_MaximumMetricValue);
    const ParametersType & compareParams = this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetCurrentPosition();
    if (&compareParams != &testParamsAreTheSameObject)
    {
      itkExceptionMacro(" Parameter objects are not identical across all optimizers/metrics.");
    }
    // Initialize the optimizer, but don't run it.
    this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->StartOptimization(true /* doOnlyInitialization */);
  }

  this->m_CurrentIteration = static_cast<SizeValueType>(0);

  // Must call the superclass version for basic validation and setup,
  // and to start the optimization loop.
  if (this->m_NumberOfIterations > static_cast<SizeValueType>(0))
  {
    Superclass::StartOptimization(doOnlyInitialization);
  }
}

template <typename TInternalComputationValueType>
void
MultiGradientOptimizerv4Template<TInternalComputationValueType>::ResumeOptimization()
{
  this->m_StopConditionDescription.str("");
  this->m_StopConditionDescription << this->GetNameOfClass() << ": ";
  this->InvokeEvent(StartEvent());
  itkDebugMacro(" start ");
  this->m_Stop = false;
  while (!this->m_Stop)
  {
    // Compute metric value/derivative.

    auto maxOpt = static_cast<SizeValueType>(this->m_OptimizersList.size());
    // We rely on learning rate or parameter scale estimator to do the weighting.
    TInternalComputationValueType combinefunction =
      NumericTraits<TInternalComputationValueType>::OneValue() / static_cast<TInternalComputationValueType>(maxOpt);
    itkDebugMacro(" nopt " << maxOpt);

    for (SizeValueType whichOptimizer = 0; whichOptimizer < maxOpt; ++whichOptimizer)
    {
      this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetMetric()->GetValueAndDerivative(
        const_cast<MeasureType &>(this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetCurrentMetricValue()),
        const_cast<DerivativeType &>(this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetGradient()));
      itkDebugMacro(" got-deriv " << whichOptimizer);
      if (this->m_Gradient.Size() != this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetGradient().Size())
      {
        this->m_Gradient.SetSize(this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetGradient().Size());
        itkDebugMacro(" resized ");
      }

      // Modify the gradient by scales, weights and learning rate.
      this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->ModifyGradientByScales();
      this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->EstimateLearningRate();
      this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->ModifyGradientByLearningRate();

      itkDebugMacro(" mod-grad ");
      // Combine the gradients
      if (whichOptimizer == 0)
      {
        this->m_Gradient.Fill(0);
      }
      this->m_Gradient = this->m_Gradient + this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetGradient() * combinefunction;
      itkDebugMacro(" add-grad ");
      this->m_MetricValuesList[whichOptimizer] = this->m_OptimizersList[whichOptimizer]->GetCurrentMetricValue();
    } // end loop

    // Check if optimization has been stopped externally.
    // (Presumably this could happen from a multi-threaded client app?)
    if (this->m_Stop)
    {
      this->m_StopConditionDescription << "StopOptimization() called";
      break;
    }
    try
    {
      // Pass combined gradient to transforms and let them update
      itkDebugMacro(" combine-grad ");
      this->m_OptimizersList[0]->GetModifiableMetric()->UpdateTransformParameters(this->m_Gradient);
    }
    catch (const ExceptionObject &)
    {
      this->m_StopCondition = StopConditionObjectToObjectOptimizerEnum::UPDATE_PARAMETERS_ERROR;
      this->m_StopConditionDescription << "UpdateTransformParameters error";
      this->StopOptimization();
      // Pass exception to caller
      throw;
    }
    this->InvokeEvent(IterationEvent());
    // Update and check iteration count
    this->m_CurrentIteration++;
    if (this->m_CurrentIteration >= this->m_NumberOfIterations)
    {
      this->m_StopConditionDescription << "Maximum number of iterations (" << this->m_NumberOfIterations
                                       << ") exceeded.";
      this->m_StopCondition = StopConditionObjectToObjectOptimizerEnum::MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS;
      this->StopOptimization();
      break;
    }
  } // while (!m_Stop)
}

} // namespace itk

#endif